Basic Parts of a Computer

While there are many different types of computers, from desktop towers to sleek laptops, they all use similar fundamental parts to operate. In this section, we'll show you what these core physical parts are and what they are used for, starting with a standard desktop computer setup.

The Desktop Computer Setup

A typical desktop computer is made up of several separate components that work together.

The Computer Case

What it is: This is the main box, often called a "tower case," that holds the most important internal components of the computer.

What it does: This is where the actual processing happens. It's the brain and heart of the computer. Most cases today stand up vertically to save space on your desk.

The Monitor

What it is: The monitor is the screen that allows you to see what you're doing.

What it does: It takes information from the computer and displays images, text, videos, and other visual content. Modern monitors use LCD or LED displays, which are very thin and lightweight.

All-in-One Variation: Some computers, like an Apple iMac, are "All-in-One" models. These combine the monitor and the computer case into a single, compact unit.

The Keyboard and Mouse

These are the two primary tools you use to interact with your computer.

The Keyboard:

• What it is: A device with keys for typing letters, numbers, and symbols.
• What it does: It allows you to input text and commands into the computer. Keyboards come in many styles, including wireless models and ergonomic designs that are more comfortable for long periods of typing.

The Mouse:

• What it is: A small handheld device.
• What it does: It controls the mouse pointer (the arrow) on your screen. By moving the mouse on a surface, you move the pointer, allowing you to click on icons, buttons, and menus. Most modern mice use an optical sensor on the bottom to track movement.

The Laptop Computer

A laptop is a portable computer that combines all of the basic desktop parts into a single, compact device.

Built-in Components: Instead of separate parts, a laptop has a built-in screen, keyboard, and a touchpad (also called a trackpad).

The Touchpad: This is a small, touch-sensitive area below the keyboard. It takes the place of a traditional mouse. You can control the pointer on the screen by moving your finger across the touchpad with a drawing motion.

Portability: Laptops offer the best of both worlds. You can use them on the go thanks to their built-in battery. Or, when you're at your desk, you can connect a separate monitor, keyboard, and mouse to your laptop, effectively turning it into a desktop setup.

As you can see, each part of a computer setup—whether it's a desktop or a laptop—plays an important and specific role. Understanding these basic components is the first step to becoming comfortable and proficient with your computer.